1. Inzira y'akazi n'ihame
Uwitekaitanura ry'amashanyarazi ahanini ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu zumuriro binyuzeibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi(nk'amashanyarazi ashyushya amashanyarazi). Ibi bikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi byashyizwe imbere mucyumba cyo gushyushya itanura ryamavuta yumuriro. Iyo amashanyarazi afunguye, amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe hafi yubushyuhe akurura ubushyuhe kandi ubushyuhe burazamuka. Amavuta ashyushye ashyushye ajyanwa mu ikoti cyangwa agapira k'ubwato bwa reaction binyuze muri pompe izenguruka. Ubushyuhe bwimurirwa mubikoresho biri imbere ya reakteri binyuze mumashanyarazi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwibikoresho buzamuka kandi bikarangiza inzira yo gushyushya. Nyuma yaho, amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe yagabanutse azagaruka kumatara yo gushyushya amashanyarazi kugirango ashyushye, kandi iyi nziga izakomeza gutanga ubushyuhe kumasafuriya.
2. Ibyiza:
Isuku kandi yangiza ibidukikije: Itanura ryamavuta yo gushyushya amashanyarazi ntizatanga gaze yumuriro mugihe gikora, kikaba ari ingirakamaro cyane ahantu hamwe na hamwe hasabwa ikirere cyiza cyane nka laboratoire, amahugurwa asukuye, hamwe no gushyushya keteti. Kurugero, muri laboratoire yubushakashatsi niterambere ryamasosiyete yimiti, gukoresha itanura ryamavuta yumuriro ashyushye birashobora kwirinda kwivanga mubicuruzwa bitwikwa kubisesengura ryibiyobyabwenge hamwe na synthesis, kandi ntibizatanga imyuka ya parike hamwe na gaze yangiza nka karuboni ya dioxyde na dioxyde de sulfure, yujuje ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwuzuye neza: Gushyushya amashanyarazi birashobora kugera kubisobanuro byubushyuhe bwuzuye. Binyuze mu bikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe burashobora kugenzurwa murwego ruto cyane rwo guhindagurika, mubisanzwe bigera kubwukuri± 1 ℃cyangwa ndetse hejuru. Mu gushyushya amato yimyitwarire mubijyanye nubuhanga bwiza bwa chimique, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwuzuye-ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza ibicuruzwa n’ibikorwa.
Kwishyiriraho byoroshye: Imiterere yitanura ryamashanyarazi itanura ryamavuta yoroheje iroroshye, kandi ntisaba gutwika ibintu bigoye, sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka nka peteroli cyangwa peteroli yohereza amavuta. Kubucuruzi buto cyangwa imishinga yo gushyushya by'agateganyo ifite umwanya muto, kwishyiriraho itanura ryamashanyarazi yumuriro wamavuta kuruhande rwa keteti ya reaction biroroshye, bizigama umwanya munini wo gushiraho nigihe.
Imikorere myiza yumutekano: Itanura ryamavuta yohereza amashanyarazi itanura ntirifungura umuriro, bigabanya ingaruka zumuriro. Hagati aho, sisitemu isanzwe ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurinda umutekano, nko kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije, kurinda amazi, nibindi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe burenze urugero rwashyizweho hejuru yubushyuhe bwumutekano, ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe bizahita bihagarika gutanga amashanyarazi kugirango wirinde amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe gushyuha, kubora, cyangwa gufata umuriro; Igikoresho kirinda kumeneka kirashobora guhita gihagarika umuzunguruko mugihe cyacitse, kikarinda umutekano wabakora.
3. Gusaba:
Inganda zikora imiti: Mubisubizo bya synthesis ya chimique, nko kubyara ibinyabuzima byinshi bya organosilicon, ubushyuhe bwibisubizo burasabwa cyane kandi umwanda ntushobora kuvangwa mugihe cyibikorwa. Amashanyarazi ashyushya itanura ryamavuta yumuriro arashobora gutanga isoko ihamye yubushyuhe, kandi uburyo bwayo bwo gushyushya isuku ntibuzana umwanda wokongoka, byemeza neza ibicuruzwa. Kandi ubushyuhe burashobora kugenzurwa ukurikije icyiciro cya reaction, nko kugenzura ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 150-200℃murwego rwa synthesis ya organosilicon monomers na 200-300℃murwego rwa polymerisation.
Uruganda rwa farumasi: Kuri synthesis reaction yibintu bikora mubiyobyabwenge, ihinduka ryubushyuhe buto rishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere no mumikorere yibiyobyabwenge. Amashanyarazi ashyushya itanura ryamavuta yumuriro arashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya farumasi. Kurugero, mugushyushya imiyoboro yimikorere ikoreshwa mugukora imiti irwanya kanseri, kugenzura ubushyuhe birashobora kwemeza neza imiterere ya molekile yibiyobyabwenge no kunoza imikorere yibiyobyabwenge. Muri icyo gihe, ibidukikije biranga itanura ry’amashanyarazi n’itanura ry’amavuta nabyo byubahiriza amahame akomeye y’ibidukikije mu nganda z’imiti.
Inganda zibiribwa: Muri synthesis no gutunganya inyongeramusaruro yibiribwa, nko gukora emulisiferi, kubyimba, nibindi, hakoreshwa ubushyuhe bwa keteti. Uburyo bushyushye bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi itanura ryamavuta yumuriro birashobora kwirinda ibintu byangiza biterwa no gutwikwa kwanduza ibikoresho fatizo byibiribwa, bikarinda umutekano wibiribwa. Kandi ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha burashobora kugenzurwa, kurugero, mugushyushya isafuriya ya reaction yo kubyara gelatine, mugenzura ubushyuhe murwego rukwiye (nka 40-60℃), ubwiza n'imikorere ya gelatine birashobora kwizerwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024
